kaira.modulations.QPSKModulator

Inheritance diagram of QPSKModulator — Inheritance diagram for QPSKModulator

class kaira.modulations.QPSKModulator(normalize: bool = True, *args, **kwargs)[source]

Bases: BaseModulator

Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) modulator.

Maps pairs of bits to complex constellation points in QPSK modulation. Following standard Gray-coded QPSK convention where: - 00 maps to (1+j)/√2 (first quadrant) - 01 maps to (1-j)/√2 (fourth quadrant) - 10 maps to (-1+j)/√2 (second quadrant) - 11 maps to (-1-j)/√2 (third quadrant)

Methods

`__init__`	Initialize the QPSK modulator.
`forward`	Modulate bit pairs to QPSK symbols.
`plot_constellation`	Plot the QPSK constellation diagram.
`reset_state`	Reset any stateful components.

Attributes

`bits_per_symbol`	Number of bits per symbol.
`constellation`
`bit_patterns`

constellation: Tensor

bit_patterns: Tensor

__init__(normalize: bool = True, *args, **kwargs) → None[source]

Initialize the QPSK modulator.

Parameters:

normalize – If True, normalize constellation to unit energy
*args – Variable length argument list.
**kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

forward(x: Tensor, *args, **kwargs) → Tensor[source]

Modulate bit pairs to QPSK symbols.

Parameters:

x – Input tensor of bits with shape (…, 2*N)
*args – Variable length argument list.
**kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Returns:

Complex tensor of QPSK symbols with shape (…, N)

plot_constellation(**kwargs) → Tuple[Figure, Axes][source]

Plot the QPSK constellation diagram.

Parameters:: **kwargs – Additional arguments passed to plot_constellation
Returns:: Matplotlib figure object

property bits_per_symbol: int: Number of bits per symbol.

reset_state() → None

Reset any stateful components.

For modulators with memory (like differential schemes).