kaira.modulations.PAMModulator

Inheritance diagram of PAMModulator — Inheritance diagram for PAMModulator

class kaira.modulations.PAMModulator(order: Literal[2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64], gray_coding: bool = True, normalize: bool = True, *args, **kwargs)[source]

Bases: BaseModulator

Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) modulator.

Maps groups of bits to amplitude levels for transmission.

Standard PAM modulation with uniform amplitude levels. Can use Gray coding for bit-to-symbol mapping, and supports normalization to unit average energy.

Methods

`__init__`	Initialize the PAM modulator.
`forward`	Modulate bit groups to PAM symbols.
`plot_constellation`	Plot the PAM constellation diagram.
`reset_state`	Reset any stateful components.

Attributes

`bits_per_symbol`	Number of bits per symbol.
`levels`
`constellation`
`bit_patterns`

Examples using `kaira.modulations.PAMModulator`

Modulation Schemes Comparison

Modulation Schemes Comparison

Modulation Schemes for Digital Communication Systems

Modulation Schemes for Digital Communication Systems

Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

levels: Tensor

constellation: Tensor

bit_patterns: Tensor

__init__(order: Literal[2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64], gray_coding: bool = True, normalize: bool = True, *args, **kwargs) → None[source]

Initialize the PAM modulator.

Parameters:

order – Modulation order (must be a power of 2)
gray_coding – Whether to use Gray coding for mapping
normalize – If True, normalize constellation to unit energy
*args – Variable length argument list.
**kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

forward(x: Tensor, *args, **kwargs) → Tensor[source]

Modulate bit groups to PAM symbols.

Parameters:

x – Input tensor of bits with shape (…, K*N), where K is bits_per_symbol
*args – Variable length argument list.
**kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Returns:

Complex tensor of PAM symbols with shape (…, N)

plot_constellation(**kwargs) → Figure[source]

Plot the PAM constellation diagram.

Parameters:: **kwargs – Additional arguments passed to plot_constellation
Returns:: Matplotlib figure object

property bits_per_symbol: int: Number of bits per symbol.

reset_state() → None

Reset any stateful components.

For modulators with memory (like differential schemes).