kaira.modulations.QPSKModulator

Inheritance diagram for QPSKModulator

class kaira.modulations.QPSKModulator(normalize: bool = True, *args, **kwargs)

Bases: BaseModulator

Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) modulator.

Maps pairs of bits to complex constellation points in QPSK modulation. Following standard Gray-coded QPSK convention where: - 00 maps to (1+j)/√2 (first quadrant) - 01 maps to (1-j)/√2 (fourth quadrant) - 10 maps to (-1+j)/√2 (second quadrant) - 11 maps to (-1-j)/√2 (third quadrant)

Methods

__init__	Initialize the QPSK modulator.
forward	Modulate bit pairs to QPSK symbols.
plot_constellation	Plot the QPSK constellation diagram.
reset_state	Reset any stateful components.

Attributes

bits_per_symbol	Number of bits per symbol.
constellation
bit_patterns

Examples using kaira.modulations.QPSKModulator

Fading Channels in Wireless Communications

Fading Channels in Wireless Communications

Rician Fading vs Rayleigh Fading Channels

Rician Fading vs Rayleigh Fading Channels

Modulation Schemes Comparison

Modulation Schemes Comparison

Higher-Order PSK Modulation

Higher-Order PSK Modulation

Modulation Schemes for Digital Communication Systems

Modulation Schemes for Digital Communication Systems

Offset QPSK Modulation

Offset QPSK Modulation

π/4-QPSK Modulation

π/4-QPSK Modulation

Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) Modulation

Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) Modulation

Channel Capacity Analysis with Kaira

Channel Capacity Analysis with Kaira

constellation: Tensor

bit_patterns: Tensor

__init__(normalize: bool = True, *args, **kwargs) → None

Initialize the QPSK modulator.

Parameters:

• normalize – If True, normalize constellation to unit energy

• *args – Variable length argument list.

• **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

forward(x: Tensor, *args, **kwargs) → Tensor

Modulate bit pairs to QPSK symbols.

Parameters:

• x – Input tensor of bits with shape (…, 2*N)

• *args – Variable length argument list.

• **kwargs – Arbitrary keyword arguments.

Returns:

Complex tensor of QPSK symbols with shape (…, N)

plot_constellation(**kwargs) → Figure

Plot the QPSK constellation diagram.

Parameters:

**kwargs – Additional arguments passed to plot_constellation

Returns:

Matplotlib figure object

property bits_per_symbol: int

Number of bits per symbol.

reset_state() → None

Reset any stateful components.

For modulators with memory (like differential schemes).